代做0210014:Fixed Income Securities Final Project调试数据库编程
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Final Project
Due Date: June 27th, 2024
Instructions:
1. Less than or equal to 4 members in a group.
2. The Final submission, should include an Executive Summary summarizing your rec- ommendation and results.
3. Motivate all to participate equally within the group. Dis-incentivize free riding “if any” .
You need to submit:
1. A comprehensive report, no longer than 2 pages, that clearly illustrates your answers and discussion.
2. An Excel file with spreadsheets displaying the details of your calculations.
3. If you choose to use another programming language, save the output generated at each step of the process in an Excel file and submit the Excel file along with your code as part of the final deliverable.
0.1 Background
It is April 30, 2024 and you have just received a call from a potential client “an insurance company X”. The client is worried about their exposure to interest rates. For simplicity, assume the portfolio is composed of only US Treasury Bonds. The portfolio has a Duration of 5.5 years. The client’s team has already considered linear hedging techniques to hedge against potential parallel shifts of the yield curve (duration and convexity adjustment). However, the CFO believes that some shifts in the slope and the curvature of the yield curve might also take place. In addition, the CFO believes that duration matching for a lower maturity can turn out to be more costly than just a derivative exposure. For these and other reasons, the CFO wants to explore an options-based hedging strategy.
Please make a recommendation to your client as to the type of option that would be most appropriate, as well please quote a price for this option.
What is the purpose of this project?
It serves as good practice in using Excel to build a pricing platform for options on interest rates using the Black-Derman-Toy (BDT) (and/or Vasicek models if you want more chal- lenges). In a nutshell, it covers everything from getting data, understanding rates, and yield curve to building pricing models. You should also learn a little bit about running stress tests and understanding sensitivity analysis. Perhaps even think a bit about bid/ask spreads.
General steps when pricing such options:
● Collect historical bond yield and/or price data for various maturities.
● Use the data to calibrate models to produce yield curve at monthly maturities.
● Use Black-Derman-Toy model to map out the zero rate tree over a chosen length of period, using the implied zero rate and implied market volatility. And derive the option value given certain maturity and strike price.
0.2 Instructions
To help you out a bit, here are some potential initial steps to get you started:
Step 1: Getting the data you need
● Historical Constant Maturity Treasury yield data are available at New York Federal Reserve (https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/H15/default.htm).
● Use the latest 52 weekly average data, inclusive and for all available maturities, 1- month, 3-months and up to 30 years.
● You can assume this data represents semi-annually compounded yields for the given maturities – so convert it to continuously compounded yields.
● If there is any missing data for any week, propose possibilities to handle this.
Step 2: Interpolation
● Obtain the term structure of yields at 6-month intervals, from years 1 through 30, for every week in the sample. In class, we considered various methods to do this including:
1. Linear interpolation (As a heads up, Excel has a Trend function that might be useful).
2. Fitting a single Cubic Spline.
3. Fitting the Nelson Siegel model.
● When these rates are used to value options within a BDT tree, interpolation errors can cause errors in valuation. If you believe one method is more suitable than the other, you might want to provide your reasons.
● Stable parameter estimates give greater confidence in the rates that are used to cali- brate the BDT tree for option pricing. Get a sense for the stability of the parameter estimates of the Nelson Siegel model.
Step 3: Yield Volatility
● Compare the yield volatilities computed from each of the above interpolation tech- niques.
● For the maturities at which you do have the yield curves, repeat the above exercise using rolling 10 week windows, it would be useful to get a sense for how stable these volatility estimates are.
Step 4: Option Pricing
● Using the above data, build a calibrated pricing platform for options on interest rates using the Black-Derman-Toy (BDT) (or Vasicek models for extra bonus points). For the BDT model use monthly steps. (Technically, we need zero-coupon rate as the interest rate for calculation. In this exercise, you can use the above constant-maturity yield as a proxy for zero-coupon rate for simplicity.)
● Then provide a written quote to the client for the option they require to fulfill their hedging need.
0.3 Some pointers
● Discuss which option to sell (call or Put, for which maturity or at least have a platform that will be able to give on-time OTC quotes for different maturities).
● Develop an Excel platform that allows you to price interest rate options.
1. Make a decision as to what selling price for the option you will be quoting to the client.
2. Remember that you are competing with other places, you have to be reasonably competitive and cannot just quote exorbitantly high prices).
● As well as coming up with reasonable prices, you have to be able to understand the exposure to your own firm. Hedging your position has to be crucial to your team.
● The platform you develop has to be able to assess how sensitive your option prices are to:
1. Interest rate volatility
2. The historical window you are choosing to compute the historical volatility an important inputs for the BDT model)
3. To the time step in BDT model
4. Potential macroeconomic changes
5. To estimation errors