代做Radar and Satellite Navigation (30060) 2023-24帮做Matlab程序

Section 1.

Radar and Satellite Navigation (30060)

 - MSc assignment 2023-24

1. In this individual assignment, you should prepare a combined, brief report presented in a

2. scientific paper format and style. on a specific topic of radar systems analysis. The format of

3. the essay is specified in Section 3 of this document, and all submitted assignments should

4. have the same structure. 

5. Each student will have an individual task, taken from Section 2 of this document, and should

6. develop a computer model of an appropriate system and demonstrate the computer

7. simulation results as well as analytical analysis and their comparison, where appropriate.

8. Aim: Radar system analysis and modelling. It is assumed that a radar system is being designed for surveillance. As a part of the radar design, computer models for i) target detection, ii) the ambiguity function of the radar transmit waveform, and iii) outputs of a matched filter to a target echo at the background of noise should be generated. The outputs of the computer model should be compared to theoretical expectations, and should include analyses of simulated vs. predicted results.

Objectives:  The aim above is to be fulfilled by developing a computer model in MATLAB or/and Simulink, and presenting and analysing the simulation results, on one of the three topics below. The final simulation results (intermediate ones may be used to strengthen the quality of the essay, where deemed appropriate) for each task are:

i) Target detection: a graph should be presented, with the probability of detection as the vertical axis, signal to noise ratio as the horizontal axis, and the probability of false alarm as a parameter. On the same graph the result of analytical calculations, e.g. Barton method, could be presented and in the conclusion comparison of modelling and calculation results should be presented.

ii) Ambiguity function: a surface plot should be presented, showing the magnitude of the ambiguity function in dB with delay and Doppler as the horizontal/vertical axes. Graphs showing cross-sections of the ambiguity function at zero range and at zero Doppler should be presented, and in the conclusion a comparison of the simulated vs theoretically expected range and Doppler resolutions should be given.

iii) Matched filtering: two graphs should be presented. The first one should show the magnitude of the matched filter output vs target range as the horizontal axis for a given target echo in the absence of noise. The second one should be similar to the first, but for a given signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output at the radar receive antenna assuming additive white gaussian noise. In the conclusion, a comparison of the simulated vs theoretically expected peak-to-sidelobe ratio and a comparison of the simulated vs theoretically expected SNR at the output of the matched filter should be presented. To create these graphs you should first emulate an echo signal from a target at a given distance, for a single transmit signal, and then apply the appropriate matched filter.

9. The main text of the essay length for each student should be between 2000 (minimum) and 3000 (maximum) words plus tables, figures and, if necessary, appendices according to the attached template. Appendices should include MATLAB code listings, where possible. NOTE: It is expected that all results presented by students are the result of their own MATLAB code. Results directly obtained from the MATLAB Phased Array Toolbox may be used at the students’ discretion to cross-check their own results, however they are not acceptable as answers on their own. Therefore, results presented without accompanying codes will receive a 30% penalty.

10. In the assignment students should:

• Demonstrate knowledge in the specific radar system area;

• Analyse the main technical challenges and performance limitations;

• Develop a MATLAB or/and Simulink system model;

• Introduce the simulation results and analyse these results vs analytical results;

• Formulate the appropriate conclusions;

• Demonstrate scientific communication skills

11. The assessment criteria are detailed on the last page of this document

Plagiarism, which includes, but is not limited to, a failure to acknowledge sources will be

penalised.  For further information on plagiarism please see (you may need to log in)

https://intranet.birmingham.ac.uk/as/studentservices/conduct/plagiarism/guidance-students.aspx

Submission: Assignments should be submitted on Canvas, as .pdf files. Late submission will be penalised at 5% per day late.  

Recommended textbooks: The main recommended textbooks are

"Radar System Analysis and Modeling",  by David Barton (any edition);

"Radar Systems Analysis and Design Using MATLAB", by Bassem R. Mahafza (any edition)

“Principles of Modern Radar, vol.1: Basic Principles”, by M. A. Richards, J.A. Scheer, W.A. Holm

“Bistatic Radar: Principles and Practice”, by M. Cherniakov, as well as lecture notes

Section 2.

1. 2606694

Target detection

Detection probability over one scan D= 0.7-0.85

False alarm probability over one scan F= 10-6

Number of pulses during the dwell time N=40

The target echo experiences slow fluctuations

The received signal is coherent over 10 pulses reception time

Section 3.  

Template: MSc assignment "Radar and Satellite Navigation", corresponds to the template of papers submission to IEEE transactions journal (single-column format).

Radar System Design and Analysis

Student name, ID number and the date of submission

Abstract—(Arial 9) These instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS. Use this document as a template if you are using Microsoft Word 6.0 or later. Otherwise, use this document as an instruction set. The electronic file of your paper will be formatted further at IEEE. Define all symbols used in the abstract. Do not cite references in the abstract. Do not delete the blank line immediately above the abstract; it sets the footnote at the bottom of this column.

Keywords – (Arial 9) e.g. communication systems, bit error rate, etc.

I Introduction (from this point all the text body is  in Aerial 10, titles Aerial 11, bold, subtitles Aerial 11, Italic )

T

HIS document is a template for Microsoft Word versions 6.0 or later.

If your paper is intended for a conference, please contact your conference editor concerning acceptable word processor formats for your particular conference. When you open TRANS-JOUR.DOC, select “Page Layout” from the “View” menu in the menu bar (View | Page Layout), which allows you to see the footnotes. Then, type over sections of TRANS-JOUR.DOC or cut and paste from another document and use markup styles. The pull-down style. menu is at the left of the Formatting Toolbar at the top of your Word window (for example, the style. at this point in the document is “Text”). Highlight a section that you want to designate with a certain style, then select the appropriate name on the style. menu. The style. will adjust your fonts and line spacing. Do not change the font sizes or line spacing to squeeze more text into a limited number of pages. Use italics for emphasis; do not underline.

To insert images in Word, position the cursor at the insertion point and either use Insert | Picture | From File or copy the image to the Windows clipboard and then Edit | Paste Special | Picture (with “float over text” unchecked).

All pages should be numerated starting with "1".

II Procedure for the submission

A. Figures

Format and save your graphic images using a suitable graphics processing program that will allow you to create the images as PostScript. (PS), Encapsulated PostScript. (EPS), or Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), sizes them, and adjusts the resolution settings. If you created your source files in one of the following you will be able to submit the graphics without converting to a PS, EPS, or TIFF file: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, or Portable Document Format (PDF).

 III Electronic Image Files (Optional)

 Import your source files in one of the following: Microsoft Word, Microsoft PowerPoint, Microsoft Excel, or Portable Document Format (PDF); you will be able to submit the graphics without converting to a PS, EPS, or TIFF files. Image quality is very important to how yours graphics will reproduce. Even though we can accept graphics in many formats, we cannot improve your graphics if they are poor quality when we receive them. If your graphic looks low in quality on your printer or monitor, please keep in mind that cannot improve the quality after submission.

If you are importing your graphics into this Word template, please use the following steps:

Under the option EDIT select PASTE SPECIAL. A dialog box will open, select paste picture, then click OK. Your figure should now be in the Word Document.

If you are preparing images in TIFF, EPS, or PS format, note the following. High-contrast line figures and tables should be prepared with 600 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 1 bit per pixel (monochrome), with file names in the form. of “fig3.tif” or “table1.tif.”

Photographs and grayscale figures should be prepared with 300 dpi resolution and saved with no compression, 8 bits per pixel (grayscale).

A. Sizing of Graphics

Most charts graphs and tables are one column wide (3 1/2 inches or 21 picas) or two-column width (7 1/16 inches, 43 picas wide). We recommend that you avoid sizing figures less than one column wide, as extreme enlargements may distort your images and result in poor reproduction. Therefore, it is better if the image is slightly larger, as a minor reduction in size should not have an adverse affect the quality of the image.

B. Size of Author Photographs (Compulsory for all students)

The final printed size of an author photograph is exactly 1 inch wide by 1 1/4 inches long (6 picas × 7 1/2 picas). Please ensure that the author photographs you submit are proportioned similarly. If the author’s photograph does not appear at the end of the paper, then please size it so that it is proportional to the standard size of 1 9/16 inches wide by 2 inches long (9 1/2 picas × 12 picas). JPEG files are only accepted for author photos.

C. How to create a PostScript. File 

First, download a PostScript. printer driver from http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/pdrvwin.htm (for Windows) or from http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/ pdrvmac.htm (for Macintosh) and install the “Generic PostScript. Printer” definition. In Word, paste your figure into a new document. Print to a file using the PostScript. printer driver. File names should be of the form. “fig5.ps.” Use Open Type fonts when creating your figures, if possible. A listing of the acceptable fonts are as follows: Open Type Fonts: Times Roman, Helvetica, Helvetica Narrow, Courier, Symbol, Palatino, Avant Garde, Bookman, Zapf Chancery, Zapf Dingbats, and New Century Schoolbook.

D. Print Color Graphics Requirements

IEEE accepts color graphics in the following formats: EPS, PS, TIFF, Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and PDF. The resolution of a RGB color TIFF file should be 400 dpi.

When sending color graphics, please supply a high quality hard copy or PDF proof of each image. If we cannot achieve a satisfactory color match using the electronic version of your files, we will have your hard copy scanned. Any of the files types you provide will be converted to RGB color EPS files.

E. Web Color Graphics

IEEE accepts color graphics in the following formats: EPS, PS, TIFF, Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and PDF. The resolution of a RGB color TIFF file should be at least 400 dpi.

Your color graphic will be converted to grayscale if no separate grayscale file is provided. If a graphic is to appear in print as black and white, it should be saved and submitted as a black and white file. If a graphic is to appear in print or on IEEE Xplore in color, it should be submitted as RGB color.

F. Graphics Checker Tool

The IEEE Graphics Checker Tool enables users to check graphic files. The tool will check journal article graphic files against a set of rules for compliance with IEEE requirements.  These requirements are designed to ensure sufficient image quality so they will look acceptable in print.  After receiving a graphic or a set of graphics, the tool will check the files against a set of rules.  A report will then be e-mailed listing each graphic and whether it met or failed to meet the requirements. If the file fails, a description of why and instructions on how to correct the problem will be sent. The IEEE Graphics Checker Tool is available at http://graphicsqc.ieee.org/

For more Information, contact the IEEE Graphics H-E-L-P Desk by e-mail at [email protected]. You will then receive an e-mail response and sometimes a request for a sample graphic for us to check.

IV MATH

If you are using Word, use either the Microsoft Equation Editor or the MathType add-on (http://www.mathtype.com) for equations in your paper (Insert | Object | Create New | Microsoft Equation or MathType Equation). “Float over text” should not be selected.

V Units

Use either SI (MKS) or CGS as primary units. (SI units are strongly encouraged.) English units may be used as secondary units (in parentheses). This applies to papers in data storage. For example, write “15 Gb/cm² (100 Gb/in²).” An exception is when English units are used as identifiers in trade, such as “3½-in disk drive.” Avoid combining SI and CGS units, such as current in amperes and magnetic field in oersteds. This often leads to confusion because equations do not balance dimensionally. If you must use mixed units, clearly state the units for each quantity in an equation.

The SI unit for magnetic field strength H is A/m. However, if you wish to use units of T, either refer to magnetic flux density B or magnetic field strength symbolized as µ₀H. Use the center dot to separate compound units, e.g., “A·m².”

VI Helpful Hints

A. Figures and Tables

Because IEEE will do the final formatting of your paper, you do not need to position figures and tables at the top and bottom of each column. In fact, all figures, figure captions, and tables can be at the end of the paper. Large figures and tables may span both columns. Place figure captions below the figures; place table titles above the tables. If your figure has two parts, include the labels “(a)” and “(b)” as part of the artwork. Please verify that the figures and tables you mention in the text actually exist. Please do not include captions as part of the figures. Do not put captions in “text boxes” linked to the figures. Do not put borders around the outside of your figures. Use the abbreviation “Fig.” even at the beginning of a sentence. Do not abbreviate “Table.” Tables are numbered with Roman numerals.

Color printing of figures is available, but is billed to the authors. Include a note with your final paper indicating that you request and will pay for color printing. Do not use color unless it is necessary for the proper interpretation of your figures. If you want reprints of your color article, the reprint order should be submitted promptly. There is an additional charge for color reprints. Please note that many IEEE journals now allow an author to publish color figures on Xplore and black and white figures in print. Contact your society representative for specific requirements.

Figure axis labels are often a source of confusion. Use words rather than symbols. As an example, write the quantity “Magnetization,” or “Magnetization M,” not just “M.” Put units in parentheses. Do not label axes only with units. As in Fig. 1, for example, write “Magnetization (A/m)” or “Magnetization (Am^-1),” not just “A/m.” Do not label axes with a ratio of quantities and units. For example, write “Temperature (K),” not “Temperature/K.”

Multipliers can be especially confusing. Write “Magnetization (kA/m)” or “Magnetization (10³ A/m).” Do not write “Magnetization (A/m) ´ 1000” because the reader would not know whether the top axis label in Fig. 1 meant 16000 A/m or 0.016 A/m. Figure labels should be legible, approximately 8 to 12 point type.

B. References

Number citations consecutively in square brackets [1]. The sentence punctuation follows the brackets [2]. Multiple references [2], [3] are each numbered with separate brackets [1]–[3]. When citing a section in a book, please give the relevant page numbers [2]. In sentences, refer simply to the reference number, as in [3]. Do not use “Ref. [3]” or “reference [3]” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Reference [3] shows ... .” Please do not use automatic endnotes in Word, rather, type the reference list at the end of the paper using the “References” style.

Number footnotes separately in superscripts (Insert | Footnote). Place the actual footnote at the bottom of the column in which it is cited; do not put footnotes in the reference list (endnotes). Use letters for table footnotes (see Table I).

Please note that the references at the end of this document are in the preferred referencing style. Give all authors’ names; do not use “et al.” unless there are six authors or more. Use a space after authors’ initials. Papers that have not been published should be cited as “unpublished” [4]. Papers that have been accepted for publication, but not yet specified for an issue should be cited as “to be published” [5]. Papers that have been submitted for publication should be cited as “submitted for publication” [6]. Please give affiliations and addresses for private communications [7].

Capitalize only the first word in a paper title, except for proper nouns and element symbols. For papers published in translation journals, please give the English citation first, followed by the original foreign-language citation [8].

C. Abbreviations and Acronyms

Define abbreviations and acronyms the first time they are used in the text, even after they have already been defined in the abstract. Abbreviations such as IEEE, SI, ac, and dc do not have to be defined. Abbreviations that incorporate periods should not have spaces: write “C.N.R.S.,” not “C. N. R. S.” Do not use abbreviations in the title unless they are unavoidable (for example, “IEEE” in the title of this article).

D Equations

Number equations consecutively with equation numbers in parentheses flush with the right margin, as in (1). First use the equation editor to create the equation. Then select the “Equation” markup style. Press the tab key and write the equation number in parentheses. To make your equations more compact, you may use the solidus ( / ), the exp function, or appropriate exponents. Use parentheses to avoid ambiguities in denominators. Punctuate equations when they are part of a sentence, as in

 (1)

Be sure that the symbols in your equation have been defined before the equation appears or immediately following. Italicize symbols (T might refer to temperature, but T is the unit tesla). Refer to “(1),” not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1),” except at the beginning of a sentence: “Equation (1) is ... .”

VII Other Recommendations

Use one space after periods and colons. Hyphenate complex modifiers: “zero-field-cooled magnetization.” Avoid dangling participles, such as, “Using (1), the potential was calculated.” [It is not clear who or what used (1).] Write instead, “The potential was calculated by using (1),” or “Using (1), we calculated the potential.”

Use a zero before decimal points: “0.25,” not “.25.” Use “cm³,” not “cc.” Indicate sample dimensions as “0.1 cm ´ 0.2 cm,” not “0.1 ´ 0.2 cm².” The abbreviation for “seconds” is “s,” not “sec.” Do not mix complete spellings and abbreviations of units: use “Wb/m²” or “webers per square meter,” not “webers/m².” When expressing a range of values, write “7 to 9” or “7-9,” not “7~9.”

A parenthetical statement at the end of a sentence is punctuated outside of the closing parenthesis (like this). (A parenthetical sentence is punctuated within the parentheses.) In American English, periods and commas are within quotation marks, like “this period.” Other punctuation is “outside”! Avoid contractions; for example, write “do not” instead of “don’t.” The serial comma is preferred: “A, B, and C” instead of “A, B and C.”

If you wish, you may write in the first person singular or plural and use the active voice (“I observed that ...” or “We observed that ...” instead of “It was observed that ...”). Remember to check spelling. If your native language is not English, please get a native English-speaking colleague to carefully proofread your paper.

VIII Some Common Mistakes

The word “data” is plural, not singular. The subscript. for the permeability of vacuum µ₀ is zero, not a lowercase letter “o.” The term for residual magnetization is “remanence”; the adjective is “remanent”; do not write “remnance” or “remnant.” Use the word “micrometer” instead of “micron.” A graph within a graph is an “inset,” not an “insert.” The word “alternatively” is preferred to the word “alternately” (unless you really mean something that alternates). Use the word “whereas” instead of “while” (unless you are referring to simultaneous events). Do not use the word “essentially” to mean “approximately” or “effectively.” Do not use the word “issue” as a euphemism for “problem.” When compositions are not specified, separate chemical symbols by en-dashes; for example, “NiMn” indicates the intermetallic compound Ni_0.5Mn_0.5 whereas “Ni–Mn” indicates an alloy of some composition Ni_xMn_1-x.

Be aware of the different meanings of the homophones “affect” (usually a verb) and “effect” (usually a noun), “complement” and “compliment,” “discreet” and “discrete,” “principal” (e.g., “principal investigator”) and “principle” (e.g., “principle of measurement”). Do not confuse “imply” and “infer.”

Prefixes such as “non,” “sub,” “micro,” “multi,” and “ultra” are not independent words; they should be joined to the words they modify, usually without a hyphen. There is no period after the “et” in the Latin abbreviation “et al.” (it is also italicized). The abbreviation “i.e.,” means “that is,” and the abbreviation “e.g.,” means “for example” (these abbreviations are not italicized).

An excellent style. manual and source of information for science writers is [9]. A general IEEE style. guide and an Information for Authors are both available at http://www.ieee.org/web/publications/authors/transjnl/index.html

IX Publication Principles

The contents of IEEE TRANSACTIONS and JOURNALS are peer-reviewed and archival. The TRANSACTIONS publishes scholarly articles of archival value as well as tutorial expositions and critical reviews of classical subjects and topics of current interest.

Authors should consider the following points:

1) Technical papers submitted for publication must advance the state of knowledge and must cite relevant prior work.

2) The length of a submitted paper should be commensurate with the importance, or appropriate to the complexity, of the work. For example, an obvious extension of previously published work might not be appropriate for publication or might be adequately treated in just a few pages.

3) Authors must convince both peer reviewers and the editors of the scientific and technical merit of a paper; the standards of proof are higher when extraordinary or unexpected results are reported.

4) Because replication is required for scientific progress, papers submitted for publication must provide sufficient information to allow readers to perform. similar experiments or calculations and use the reported results. Although not everything need be disclosed, a paper must contain new, useable, and fully described information. For example, a specimen’s chemical composition need not be reported if the main purpose of a paper is to introduce a new measurement technique. Authors should expect to be challenged by reviewers if the results are not supported by adequate data and critical details.

5) Papers that describe ongoing work or announce the latest technical achievement, which are suitable for presentation at a professional conference, may not be appropriate for publication in a TRANSACTIONS or JOURNAL.

X Conclusion

A conclusion section is not required. Although a conclusion may review the main points of the paper, do not replicate the abstract as the conclusion. A conclusion might elaborate on the importance of the work or suggest applications and extensions.

Appendix

Appendixes, if needed, appear before the acknowledgment.

Acknowledgment

The preferred spelling of the word “acknowledgment” in American English is without an “e” after the “g.” Use the singular heading even if you have many acknowledgments. Avoid expressions such as “One of us (S.B.A.) would like to thank ... .” Instead, write “F. A. Author thanks ... .” Sponsor and financial support acknowledgments are placed in the unnumbered footnote on the first page, not here.