代做Optimal Portfolio Allocation 2024帮做Python程序
- 首页 >> Database作业Exam One June 2024. Optimal Portfolio Allocation
An investment universe of the following risky assets with a dependence structure (correlation) applies to all questions below as relevant:
Question 1. Global Minimum Variance portfolio is obtained subject to the budget constraint:
• Derive the analytical solution for optimal allocations w* . Provide full derivation workings.
• Compute optimal allocations (Global MV portfolio) for the given investment universe.
Question 2. Consider the optimization for a target return m. There is no risk-free asset.
• Compute correlation levels by stressing the matrix × 1, ×1.3, ×1.8, subject to the upper limit 0.99 for each cross-asset correlation. Diagonal elements stay equal to one.
• Compute w* and portfolio risk σΠ = √w′Σw for m = 7% for three levels of correlation given.
Hints: it is possible to compute this kind of optimal allocation via analytical formula. Negative and non- robust allocations (into ± 100s%) are possible, particularly for high correlation. Please do not reconfirm your numerical results via support.
Question 3. “Evaluating the P&L more frequently make it appear more risky than it actually is.” Make the following computations to demonstrate this statement.
• Write down the formula for Sharpe Ratio and note that σ is scaled with time.
• Compute Daily, Monthly, and Quarterly Sharpe Ratio, for Annualised SR of 0 .53. Hint: this is an abstract computation, not related to Questions 1 and 2.
• Convert each Sharpe Ratio into Loss Probability (daily, monthly, quarterly, annual), using
Pr(P&L < 0) = Pr(x < −SR).
where x is a standard Normal random variable.
Exam One June 2024. Understanding Value-at-Risk
Assume you are an analyst concerned with how risky NASDAQ-100 became over S&P 500. Perform. the backtesting of Analytical VaR (99%/10day) on the data provided in .csv files.
Question 4. The quick guide is given below, but please refer to the tutorial and CQF material.
VaR10D,t = Factor × σt × √10
• Compute the rolling standard deviation σt from 21 daily returns. Timescale of σt remains ‘daily’ regardless of how many returns are in the sample.
• To make a projection over 10 days, we use the additivity of variance σ10D = √σt(2) × 10.
• A breach occurs when the forward realised 10-day return is below the VaRt quantity.
r10D,t+10 < VaR10D,t given both numbers are negative.
VaR is fixed at time t and compared to the return from t to t+10, computed ln(St+10/St ). Alternatively, you can compare to ln(St+11/St+1) but state this assumption in your report upfront.
Prepare and present the following deliverables in your report: (a) The count and percentage of VaR breaches.
(b) Provide a plot which identifies the breaches with crosses or other marks.
(c) Provide a list of breaches with columns [Date, ClosingPrice, LogReturn, VaR 10D, Ret 10D]. Hint: you need to have True/False breach indicator column in Python, and filter with ‘== True’ .
(d) In your own words describe, was NASDAQ-100 more risky than S&P 500 during COVID pandemic news 2020-Feb to 2020-Mar? What about the subsequent market correction period in 2021-2022?
Question 5. Implement the backtest of VaR10D,t but now with the input of EWMA σt(2)+1 from the
filtering formula below, instead of rolling std dev. Tutor will not reconfirm the formula/computation.
σt(2)+1 | t = λσt(2)| t−1 + (1 − λ) rt(2)
with λ = 0.72 value set to minimise out of sample forecasting error.
Hint: use the variance for the entire dataset to initialise the computation.
(a-c) Provide the same deliverables (a), (b) and (c) as in the previous Question.
(d) Briefly discuss the impact of λ on smoothness of EWMA-predicted volatility (3-4 lines).
Hint: you can discuss λ theoretically without recomputing EWMA-based backtest but, if you recompute for an extra illustration it is sufficient to do so for one market index only.