代做QM323 – Analytics for Business Decisions Fall 2024调试R语言
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Fall 2024
II. Course Description, Learning Goals, Structure, & Materials
II.1. Course Description & Learning Goals
This course will expose students to quantitative methods and modeling techniques for making informed decisions in an uncertain world. The two major topics of the course are models for data mining and decision-making under uncertainty. We first cover methods for drawing business conclusions from existing data – describing and predicting behavior. In the latter part of the course, we will discuss measurement and management of risk and simulation.
Throughout the semester, we will discuss the ethical use of data analytics and common pitfalls and biases in quantitative decision-making.
The course is part of Core, and will, in many instances, complement the topics covered in the three other functional areas of Core as a springboard for discussion of related quantitative methods. At several points during the semester, we will also cover specific applications relevant to the core project. For example, at the beginning of the semester, students face uncertainty about which customers to target, what price to charge, and what the return on investment is likely to be. The techniques covered in this course will help reduce, but not eliminate, these uncertainties, by helping students to structure and inform. their decisions and allowing them to model a variety of alternative scenarios.
Course Goals
1. Develop the student’s ability to structure and make informed decisions
2. Help students understand and learn to manage risk
3. Build on and reinforce the student’s understanding of probability, statistics, and data
analysis from QM221 and QM222
4. Introduce students to optimization and simulation techniques
5. Support functional areas of Core by providing deeper coverage of quantitative
analysis topics related to core subject matter
6. Improve the student’s facility with analytical software tools like MS Excel
7. The use of quantitative methods to support business plan decisions
8. Explore ethical and psychological pitfalls of data-driven decision-making
Learning Objectives
After taking the course, students will have an understanding of:
1. How to structure decision making with quantitative models
2. Basic data mining concepts and techniques
3. Using optimization to make the best choice from a set of options
4. How to measure and manage risk
5. Decision-making with uncertain outcomes
6. How to use simulation to estimate the distribution of potential outcomes of a decision
7. The ethical use of quantitative models
II.2. Course Structure & Pedagogy
Module 1: Decision-making with Analytics
1. Introduction to frameworks for decision-making with data
2. Principles of good spreadsheet modeling
3. Creating customer segments with clustering
4. Valuing product attributes with conjoint analysis
5. Predicting purchases with association rules and linear probability regression
6. Introduction to optimization and optimal pricing Module 2: Making the Best Decision under Uncertainty
1. Frameworks for decision-making under uncertainty
2. Scenario and sensitivity analysis
3. Simulation
II.3. Course Materials:
II.3.1 Readings
Readings for each lecture will be posted on Blackboard in the lecture folders.
II.3.2 Software
This semester, we will be using MS Excel in almost every class. We will also be using a specialized analytics software package called Data Mining (aka XLMiner).
You should have Excel installed on your computer. It is essential that you know the basics of
Excel. Please ensure that you are familiar with navigating in Excel, formulas, IF statements, and cell references before the start of class. These topics can be reviewed by watching the videos on Blackboard.
Additional help with these and other concepts can be found here:
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/excel-video-training-9bc05390-e94c-46af-a5b3- d7c22f6990bb
There will be an at-home quiz that has to be taken before the first day of QM class to assess your proficiency in Excel. This quiz does not affect your final grade, but students with low scores will be expected to participate in a MS Excel workshop on Saturday/Sunday, September 14/15.
III. Course Policies
III.1. Attendance Policy
Classes will start promptly at the listed time and will run for one hour and fifteen minutes
without any break. The attendance policy in Core is simple. Each student may miss two class sessions in each element of the program (i.e., MK, OM, QM, FE) without penalty. Students who miss a Common Session or a TLA in class feedback session will be charged 4 absences (1 per function). For each Common Session that a student is late, leaves early, or otherwise misses a portion of that student will be charged 2 Full absences (1/2 absence per function).
Upon the third and subsequent absences, students will be penalized through a reduction in the course grade. Sign-up sheets may be circulated in each session or the professor will take attendance. It is the student's responsibility to sign-in. Note that there are neither excused nor unexcused absences - only absences. Exceptions will also be made for religious holidays or other mandated documented circumstances, e.g. jury duty.
Student tardiness and leaving an ongoing class are inappropriate behavior. Your professors may have policies in his or her classroom which vary slightly from others, and he or she will tell you what they are if they do. At a minimum you will be charged at least a ½ absence for any class you arrive late or leave early.
The expectation is that any student who knows he or she will be late to class or need to depart early will let the instructor know in advance. Students abusing the attendance policy will suffer grade penalties.
All class sessions will be recorded for the benefit of registered students who are unable to attend live sessions due to illness or other special circumstances. Recorded sessions will be made available to registered students via their password-protected Blackboard account.
Students may not share such sessions with anyone not registered in the course and may not repost them to any public platform.
III.2 Academic accommodations for students with special needs:
In keeping with University policy, any student with a disability who needs or thinks they need academic accommodations must call the Office of Disability Services at 617-353-3658 or stop by 19 Deerfield Street to arrange a confidential appointment with a Disability Services staff member. Accommodation letters must be delivered to your instructor in a timely fashion (not later than two weeks before any major examination). Please note that accommodations will not be granted absent an official letter of accommodation. Please see SM323 syllabus for more details.
III.3. Academic Integrity Policy
Please see SM323 syllabus.
III.4. Diversity and Inclusion
In developing the materials and assignments for this course, we have aimed to be thoughtful about how identity and culture impact the course content.
During the semester, we may discuss content that will inspire debate, different opinions, and shared experiences. Learning can only happen in a community that is respectful and inclusive. All members of class will conduct themselves in a professional manner. Remember, you can disagree with the idea and still respect the person.
We invite you to share your experiences and perspectives related to course content during class discussions. If there are topics you feel would benefit from incorporation of social context, a differing perspective, or Questrom’s Office of Diversity and Inclusion, please let the instructors know. We hope to engage a wide variety of perspectives in our classroom.
If you feel you have experienced improper conduct or have witnessed improper conduct, please report your concerns to Questrom’s Office of Diversity and Inclusion.
III.5. Professional Conduct Policy and/or other course-related policies
III.5.1 Expectations for Academic Conduct Regarding Course Material
QM323 expressly prohibits students from posting course material of any kind (e.g., exams, course slides, descriptions of assignments, completed assignments such as papers and team projects) onto the web to be used by others. This includes posting to online crowd-sourced platforms and to sites such as Course Hero and Slideshare or others. Any such posts are a violation of Questrom’s Academic Conduct Code and of the academic standards of QM323.
III.5.2 Expectations for Academic Conduct on Teams:
Questrom School of Business interprets the “intentional restriction or inhibition of another team member’s access to team meetings, team’s work-in-progress, or other team activities” to include the following standards:
At Questrom all students who are assigned to an academic team as part of their course work, are responsible for creating and maintaining a supportive and productive team learning environment. Students are expected to be professional in their behavior, interactions, and communications with all team members. Violations of these standards of behavior. and communication would constitute a breach of the Academic Conduct code for teamwork.
Students are required to:
. Treat all team members with respect and refrain from behavior. that is intimidating, threatening, or harassing in nature.
. Maintain inclusive, appropriate, professional communications with team members both in person, and electronically.
. Consistent with the language used in class instruction at Questrom, spoken and written
communications regarding team-related issues should be conducted in English. Teams are also welcome to communicate in other languages, as long as those languages are understood by all team members.
. Refrain from using profanity, inappropriate language that is offensive or sexually explicit in
nature, or communications that are threatening or demeaning. Although not an exhaustive list, examples include: posting inappropriate comments regarding a team or teammates to social media, writing offensive or sexually suggestive or explicit messages to teammates, viewing offensive or sexually explicit videos or pictures during team meetings or in the presence of team members, writing profanity-laden messages to team members.
. Failure to engage with your team in a professional manner, as outlined above, constitutes a violation of the Academic Conduct Code.
III.5.3 Diversity and Inclusion on Teams:
Inclusivity is essential to high-performance teams, and teams are essential to Questrom. In fact, we believe that collaboration is our competitive advantage, because solving complex problems and achieving meaningful results require leveraging diverse perspectives, skills, and abilities. All Questrom team members should be honestly engaged and responsible for high performance, while practicing inclusive behaviors:
. Give everyone a voice and opportunity to contribute
o Provide opportunities for individuals to share in variousways
o Allow equal access to team documents and resources
o Create a culture of psychological safety that empowers members to contribute
. Practice empathy for teammates
o Get to know teammates on an individual level
o Acknowledge and accommodate religious, cultural, and personal identities
o Ask questions before you make assumptions
. Create accountability for inclusive behaviors
o Recognize the role your own bias plays in youractions
o Expect team behaviors to align with the Academic Conduct Code
o Speak up when you witness unacceptable behaviors
Should you have issues or concerns with your Questrom team, please feel free to contact Dr. Sandi
Deacon Carr, Director of Questrom Team Learning Services for assistance: sdeacon@bu.edu Please see SM323 syllabus.
Please see https://www.bu.edu/academics/policies/academic-conduct-code/ for the university academic conduct code.
III.6 Questrom Community Statement of Norms
In addition to the expectations outlined by Boston University, we expect all members of our Questrom community to adhere to the following classroom norms:
. At all times during the semester, students (and faculty and staff) must be compliant with the vaccination and testing protocols as outlined and updated by Boston University.
. Eating is not allowed in the classroom.
Adhering to these norms will allow us to continue to enjoy a safe residential learning experience.
IV. Course Evaluation & Expectations IV.1. Course Evaluation
. Grading: The relative weighting of assignments in your course grade is as follows:
Evaluation Activity Fraction of Course Grade
Mid-Term Exam |
30% |
Final Exam |
25% |
SM323 Project |
30% |
Homework (Problem Sets) |
5% |
Participation, Attendance and Warm-ups |
10% |
TOTAL |
100% |
. There will be absolutely no grade deflation in this course. (There will also not be any
grade inflation.) Final course grades will be the result of a direct mathematical computation, based on the formula above and your rankin the class compared to other students.
. Ifyou have any questions about grades that you receive on particular assignments or exams, you must raise them within two weeks of receiving your grade. Unless we have made computational errors, we will be unable to alter grades after final grades have been determined. Ifyou have particular grade-related considerations that you think are important, please raise these with your instructor as early as possible (during the first half of the semester at the latest!), so that your instructor can help you approach the course in a way that will help you achieve your best possible performance.
. Per the University Bulletin, students who enter BU in Fall 2019 and later must earn a grade of “C–” or higher in all Questrom courses applied toward the major. This includes the Core courses. Students who entered BU prior to Fall 2019 must earn a grade of “D” or higher.
. Any student who receives a “D” in any of the four Core courses will receive an “I” for
SM303. This will be changed by the UDC to a “P” if you entered prior to Fall 2019.
. Students will receive individual grades from each of their professors. Each course will base a portion of your grade in the course on the exams and other components, which the instructor will detail, that focus on the concepts and techniques covered in her/his class. The individual course syllabi explain the grading systems used by each function to determine your course grade, which will include a project grade.
. Please note: Only when students pass an individual Core course are they eligible for the grade component from the SM323/Core project in that particularcourse.
. The following principles (explained in detail in online Core Project Resources) are applied in determining your individual grade for the project. These principles reflect the faculty’s
beliefs that individuals should not be rewarded when their teams fail, and that the credit for successful teams is not always spread equally. As in real life, you have a measurable stake in your team’s success with the project.
. An overall project grade is established for each team based on the following formula: Team Grade = 0.85 (Business Plan Grade) + 0.15 (Presentation Grade)
. Your individual project grade may then be adjusted up or down from your team’s overall
project grade in accordance with your contribution to the team. Downward adjustments are made to the project grade for individuals who do not perform. their share of the work or whose behavior. causes the team to be less effective. The two most common categories of students with downward adjustments are shirkers and bulldozers. When a team is successful, modest upward adjustments are made for team-builders. Again, this is discussed in detail on Questrom Team Learning Services section of the Core Project Resources webpage.
IV.2. Assignment Descriptions & Expectations
Exams
. The final exam will mostly cover material from after the mid-term. However, since the course has significant material that will cross over from before the mid-term, it is expected that some questions on the exam might be related to material from before the mid-term.
. Practice questions will be provided to the students to help prepare for the exams.
SM 323 project
. A separate document lists detailed criteria for grading of the SM323 project for QM323.
. The SM323 project grade is a team grade, modified, as necessary, by peer evaluations submitted by the team members.
Homework (Problem Sets)
There will be four problem sets during the semester and represent 5% of the final grade. The problem sets are meant to provide you practice and help in preparation for the exam. The problem sets are due by 11:00 pm on the due date. The problem sets are due on the following dates:
Problem Set 1 Sunday, Sep 29
Problem Set 2 Sunday, Oct 06
Problem Set 3 Sunday, Nov 10
Problem Set 4 Sunday, Nov 24
In-class non-graded quizzes / polls
. There will be several in-class non-graded quizzes/polls during the semester. These are meant to give you practice for the exams and also help you keep up to date with the material being discussed in class.
Class Participation and Warm-up Questions
. Participation is 10% of final grade.
. Class participation will be based on attendance, frequency of participation, and (most importantly) quality of contributions during class discussions. Regularly engaging in discussion of cases and readings, clarifying concepts, asking questions that lead to a better understanding by the class as a whole, and sharing experiences and current events about course topics constitute superior class participation and contribute to the class’s collective learning. Simply attending class does not constitute a positive contribution to class and will not yield high class participation scores. Your class participation grade is also dependent on following class rules – for every class, unless otherwise stated, your laptops should be down, your cell phones put away, and you should not be leaving the classroom.
. Participation contributions will be assessed as follows:
. Exceptional Level (A/A-), Expected Level (B+/B/B-) or Adequate Level (C+/C/C-) . Exceptional Level: Consistent contribution in class discussions and demonstrating in-
depth analysis, offering solutions and creative comments, asking thought-provoking questions, etc. This level requires significant preparation, analysis, and original thinking.
. Expected Level: Consistent contribution in class discussions mainly in the form. of answering or asking questions, comments that show good understanding of topic and that add new insights. This level of participation requires good preparation and analysis.
. Adequate Level: Contributes periodically to class discussions, or passive member of the class who contributes rarely. Answers or asks questions occasionally or if called upon. Demonstrates an understanding of the topic and shows fair level of preparation and analysis. Showing up late in class more than three times in the semester will mean a grade below the “Adequate Level” .
. Included in the class participation evaluation is completion of warm-up questions.
You are expected to be able to discuss the warm-up question in class, and there may be cold-calling. Warm-ups will be available on Blackboard the Friday before the week they are due. Warm-ups are due by 6 am on the day of the class.
IV.3. Meetings and Email Messages with your section Professors regarding Project Questions
. Each faculty member’s contact information and office hours are posted on
Blackboard. Please keep the following in mind when emailing or meeting with any of your professors regarding the project:
. When emailing about your project, you need to email the professor, copy all the other faculty of your section faculty, as well as everyone on your team. Please put your section and team number at the beginning of the subject line, such as, A2T4.
. If it is a meeting about your project with a faculty member, at least two members of your team must be present at the meeting.